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One of the first attempts to model magnetic hysteresis can be traced back to Langevin in 1905, who initially developed the theory for paramagnetic materials that was later extrapolated to ferromagnetic materials. The defining relation involves the Langevin function, which describes the saturation phenomenon. Improved semi-empirical models to explain hysteresis behavior were subsequently proposed by Presaich and by Jiles and Atherton (J–A) [1].

The J–A model uses a macroscopic picture in which the fundamental idea is to counteract magnetization by anhysteretic behavior represented by a sigmoidal curve. Hysteresis can be understood as the result of energy dissipation on voids, inclusions and dislocations of crystalline structure (called pinning sites).

References

[1] D. C. Jiles and D. L. Atherton, "Theory of Ferromagnetic Hysteresis," Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 61(1–2), 1986 pp. 48–60. doi:10.1016/0304-8853(86)90066-1.

[2] M. F. Jaafar and M. A. Jabri, "Study and Modeling of Ferromagnetic Hysteresis," in Electrical Engineering and Software Applications (ICEESA), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Software Applications, Hammamet, Tunisia, 2013, New York: IEEE, 2013 pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICEESA.2013.6578426.